Budget theory is the academic study of political and social motivations behind government and civil society budgeting A budget is generally a list of all planned expenses and revenues. It is a plan for saving and spending. A budget is an important concept in microeconomics, which uses a budget line to illustrate the trade-offs between two or more goods. In other terms, a budget is an organizational plan stated in monetary terms. Classic theorists in Public Budgeting include Henry Adams Henry Brooks Adams was an American journalist, historian, academic and novelist. He is best-known for his autobiographical book, The Education of Henry Adams. He was a member of the Adams political family, William F. Willoughby, V. O. Key, Jr., and, more recently, Aaron Wildavsky Aaron Wildavsky was an American political scientist known for his pioneering work in public policy, government budgeting, and risk management. Notable recent theorists include Baumgartner and Jones--Frank R. Baumgartner and Bryan D. Jones, Richard Fenno Richard F. Fenno, Jr. is an American political scientist known for his pioneering work on the U.S. Congress and its members, Allen Schick Allen Schick is a governance fellow of the Brookings Institution and also a professor of political science at the Maryland School of Public Policy of University of Maryland, College Park. He is known as an authority on budget theory and the federal budget process, in particular, Dennis Ippolito, Naomi Caiden, Irene Rubin, James D. Savage James D. Savage is a political science professor at the University of Virginia. He is an expert in government budget policies and budget theory. He completed his undergraduate degree at the University of California, Riverside, his graduate degrees at the University of California, Berkeley, and his post-doctoral fellowship at Harvard University. At, Thomas Greitens and Gary Wamsley Gary Wamsley is professor emeritus at Virginia Tech's Center for Public Administration and Policy. He is perhaps best known as the coordinating editor of Refounding Public Administration, a work that followed from a well-known public administration paper called the Blacksburg Manifesto. He has also for many years edited the journal Administration &. Budget theory was a central topic during the Progressive Era Keeping corruption out of politics was a main goal of the progressive era, with many Progressives trying to expose and undercut political machines and bosses. They attempted to exclude illiterates, African-Americans, and others from voting, and to reduce immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe through devices such as a literacy test. Many and was much discussed in municipal bureaus and other academic and quasi-academic facilities of that time such as the nascent Brookings Institution The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit, public policy organization based in Washington, D.C. One of Washington's oldest think tanks, Brookings conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics, metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, and global economy and development.
The executive budget One of the reforms of the Progressive Era in the United States was the executive budget system which had its first application for municipal government. The federal government conducted an important study of the executive budget system during the administration of President William Howard Taft was a financial innovation designed to empower city mayors and city managers with the capacity to implement needed policy reforms in the Progressive Era Keeping corruption out of politics was a main goal of the progressive era, with many Progressives trying to expose and undercut political machines and bosses. They attempted to exclude illiterates, African-Americans, and others from voting, and to reduce immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe through devices such as a literacy test. Many. Since that time, the executive budget has become a tool by which the president of the United States has been able to substantively shape policy and draw power to the president from Congress, which was originally charged with "holding the purse"(and still is constitutionally, as there is no federal-legislative authority to change the constitution outside the amendment process or for congress to legislate away their authority). This has resulted in an ever increasing role and power base for what is now called the Office of Management and Budget The Office of Management and Budget is a Cabinet-level office, and is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP).
In many respects, the budget process has become theatrical and artificial even while it remains highly politicized.
See also
- public budgeting
- budget deficit A budget deficit occurs when an entity spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus
- budget surplus A budget deficit occurs when an entity spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. Debt is essentially an accumulated flow of deficits. In other words, a deficit is a flow, and debt is a stock
- budget crisis A budget crisis is an informal name for a situation in which the legislative and the executive in a presidential system deadlock and are unable to pass a budget. In presidential systems, the legislature has the power to pass a budget, but the executive often has a veto in which there are insufficient votes in the legislature to override. If no
- Canadian federal budget In Canada, federal budgets are presented annually by the Government of Canada to identify planned government spending, expected government revenue, and forecast economic conditions for the upcoming year
- Comprehensive income Comprehensive income is a specific term used in companies' financial reporting from the company-whole point of view. Because that use excludes the effects of changing ownership interest, an economic measure of comprehensive income is necessary for financial analysis from the shareholders' point of view
- Corporate finance Corporate finance is an area of finance dealing with financial decisions business enterprises make and the tools and analysis used to make these decisions. The primary goal of corporate finance is to maximize corporate value while managing the firm's financial risks. Although it is in principle different from managerial finance which studies the
- Crony capitalism Crony capitalism is a pejorative term describing an allegedly capitalist economy in which success in business depends on close relationships between businesspeople and government officials. It may be exhibited by favoritism in the distribution of legal permits, government grants, special tax breaks, and so forth
- Form 10-K A Form 10-K is an annual report required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission , that gives a comprehensive summary of a public company's performance. Although similarly named, the annual report on Form 10-K is distinct from the often glossy "annual report to shareholders," which a company must send to its shareholders when it
- Federal Accountability Act The Federal Accountability Act is a statute introduced as Bill C-2 in the first session of the 39th Canadian Parliament on April 11, 2006, by the President of the Treasury Board, John Baird. The plan aims to reduce the opportunity to exert influence with money by banning corporate, union, and large personal political donations; five-year lobbying(Canada)
- Government Accountability Office The Government Accountability Office is the audit, evaluation, and investigative arm of the United States Congress. It is located in the legislative branch of the United States government
- Government Accountability Office investigations of the Department of Defense Government Accountability Office investigations of the Department of Defense are typically audits in which the Government Accountability Office , the United States Congress’ investigative arm, studies how the Department of Defense spends taxpayer dollars. Since the GAO is accountable only to the legislative branch, it is in a unique position to
- Government financial reports
- Government-owned corporation A government-owned corporation, state-owned enterprise, state enterpise, or government business enterprise is a legal entity created by a government to undertake commercial activities on behalf of an owner government, and are usually considered to be an element or part of the state[citation needed]. There is no standard definition of a government-
- public administration Public administration is the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day." Any unelected, public employee is a public administrator: police officers, municipal budget analysts, HR benefits administrators, city managers, Census analysts, and cabinet secretaries are public administrators. Public administrators are
- public finance Public finance is a field of economics concerned with paying for collective or governmental activities, and with the administration and design of those activities. The field is often divided into questions of what the government or collective organizations should do or are doing, and questions of how to pay for those activities. The broader term,
- United States budget process The process of creating the budget for the United States Government is known as the budget process. The framework used by Congress to formulate the budget was established by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, and by other budget legislation
References
- Henry C. Adams. The Theory of Public Expenditures (1985), American Economic Association.
- John R. Bartle. Evolving Theories of Public Budgeting (2001), JAI Press.
- Aman Khan, W. Bartley Hildreth. Budget Theory in the Public Sector (2002), Quorum BooksAman Khan, W. Bartley Hildreth.
- Frank R. Baumgartner, Bryan D. Jones, A Model of Choice for Public Policy (2005)
- Bartle, John R. and Shields, Patricia M., "Applying Pragmatism to Public Budgeting and Financial Management" (2008). Faculty Publications-Political Science. Texas State University. Paper 48.
 http://ecommons.txstate.edu/polsfacp/48
Categories: Government budgets Categories: Government finances | Budgets | Political economy | Public finance | Public economics | Public administration | Public administration Categories: Administration | Civil society | Public policy | Public economics | Subfields of political science | Public economics Categories: Economic policy | Government | Political economy | United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Categories: Accounting in the United States | Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
The Salinas Californian
In the new state budget , the state has allowed districts to reduce the school year by five days, in theory to reduce costs. But districts all have contracts ...
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David John Marotta
Mon, 15 Mar 2010 22:15:23 GM
To avoid unplanned . budget. busters, set three rules for your spending: Set a dollar limit, wait at least a week each time you're unsure of a purchase and be aware of the categories where you are most likely to make impulse purchases. . ... Copyright 2010 MND: Your Daily Dose of Counter-. Theory. . All Rights Reserved. Opinions found on this website are expressly those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of this publication, its editorial staff or ...
